penn state e cigarette dependence index E-cigarette use to reduce smoking may not increase nicotine Penn State study: Vapers report
Penn State study: Vapers report less dependence, addiction than cigarette smokers WHYY E cigarettes less addictive than cigarettes Penn State University The experiences of young adults attempting to quit e cigarettes: A mixed methods analysis Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) in a Colombian Sample Associations between vaping and daily cigarette consumption among individuals with psychological distress Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth: Understanding Unique Risks in a Vulnerable Population PMC
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