cigarette smokers life expectancy smoking causes premature morbidity and mortality leading to a Estimating the impact of cigarette
Estimating the impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy from 1950 to 2000 Light smoking at base line predicts a higher mortality risk to women than to men; evidence from a cohort with long follow up BMC Public Health Springer Nature Link PDF] Reduced Life Expectancy due to Smoking in Large Scale Cohort Studies in Japan Semantic Scholar Impact of smoking on mortality and life expectancy in Japanese smokers: a prospective cohort study The BMJ Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors PMC Mortality and life expectancy in relation to longterm cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking: The Zutphen Study PMC
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