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Candida tropicalis infection modulates the gut microbiome and confers enhanced susceptibility to colitis in mice

PGE2 serves as a gastric mucosal protector, and its reduced expression can compromise this protective effect, leading to gastric damage (Wen et al., 2015)

Doctors swear an oath to first, do no harm, and are expected to use treatments supported by evidence or, at minimum, a plausible expectation of benefit outweighing risks

The formation and progression of cysts in ADPKD are also associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death (268, 269)

A peptide may look promising in a lab dish or animal model, but clinical usefulness depends on whether the compound reaches the right tissue, stays stable long enough, and produces a meaningful benefit in real patients