The control variant exhibited a moderate H 2 S concentration
BMMSCs-EXOs may stimulate endometrial healing via the TGF-1/Smad system (Yao et al., 2019b)
Similarly, in SLE patients, depletion of Faecalibacterium species resulted in diminished butyrate production, attenuating its anti-inflammatory properties and thereby exacerbating both disease progression and inflammatory responses [44]
10.1017/S0007114518001563 100
Although research has shown that Spirulina contains important bioactive compounds (e.g., vanillin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid), flavonoids (e.g., naringin and hesperidin), and other compounds (e.g., benzophenone, dinitrobenzoate, and quercetin), the type and amount of these compounds found in Spirulina are also affected by climate, production, and processing conditions ( 3 Spirulina and health benefits Due to its rich nutritional composition and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, Spirulina has become a dietary supplement of considerable popularity on a global scale (Figure 1 shows the schematic of Spirulina's therapeutic activities for human health

Within the cyst(e)ine/GSH/GPX4 axis, cysteine is the rate-limiting metabolite for GSH biosynthesis, hence the ferroptosis-inducing activity of cyst(e)ine depletion has largely been attributed to the lowering of intracellular GSH levels and subsequent decrease of GPX4 activity