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Therefore, alteration of the GSH/GSSG ratio appears to be a common factor in the regulation of macrophage and cell-autonomous cellular inflammation

Abnormal glucose metabolism in Alzheimers disease: relation to autophagy/mitophagy and therapeutic approaches

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PCS also induces apoptosis and autophagy by activating NF-B and MAPK signaling and increasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HK-2 cells ( Figure 3 ) [117]

Notably, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the abundance of certain bacterial taxa (e.g., Megasphaera and Barnesiella ), potentially due to population heterogeneity, methodological variability, or confounding factors such as constipation and allergies (Zhao et al., 2019

doi: 10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80063-4 85 ZhangZY