Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency

BPC-157: The Ultimate Healing Peptide for Tendons, Joints, and Gut BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic peptide derived from a naturally occurring protein in human gastric juice
You must not be given hydroxocobalamin to treat megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy (this is a type of anaemia usually caused by the deficiency of another vitamin called folic acid)
Patient Empowerment: Understanding your diagnosis (e.g., M54.5 for low back pain) allows you to be an active participant in your care, ask better questions, and make informed decisions
Our hangover relief drip includes anti-nausea medication and rapid rehydration to help you recover before the days obligations take over
Iron is present or required for the majority of the enzymes and components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to operate