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Short- and medium-chain fatty acids (i.e., those with a chain of up to 8 carbon molecules) do so easily, but long and very long-chain fatty acids need a transport mechanism to get through [1,4]

8, Branched-Chain Amino Acids

[4] The second activation step takes place predominantly in the kidneys where 1-hydroxylase converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), an active secosteroid hormone that binds nuclear receptors in enterocytes, osteoblasts, renal tubules, parathyroid cells, and numerous immune and endocrine cells to modulate hundreds of genes involved in calcium-phosphate homeostasis, skeletal remodelling, and immunoregulation

Neuropsychopharmacology 34, 501508

Elevations in plasma LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, ApoB, and triglycerides are well-established, independent, causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease and major adverse cardiovascular events (258)

Pattison, D