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Other important roles of glutathione in the body include: Regulates nitric oxide production and recycling Used in DNA synthesis and repair processes Used in protein synthesis, amino acid transport, and activation of many enzymes Needed for iron metabolism Needed for controlled and programmed cell death (apoptosis) and in the normal cell growth process Removal and elimination of heavy metals Elimination of cancer cells Regulate immune function and T cells activation The following factors contribute to lowered glutathione levels: Chronic stress Injuries and traumas Oxidative stress and free oxygen radicals Accumulation of toxins in the body Pollution Poor nutrition and nutrient intake Radiation Aging Infections Excessive alcohol consumption Smoking Genetic defects Glutathione dysregulation may increase the risk of the following diseases and conditions: Diabetes Pulmonary fibrosis Liver fibrosis Alcoholic liver disease Endotoxemia Cholestatic liver damage Summary of nutrients and foods to support optimal glutathione levels: Alpha lipoic-acid: 300 mg 3 day

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1693441 Received 27 August 2025 Revised 16 October 2025 Accepted 23 October 2025 Published 10 November 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Guoliang Meng, Nantong University, China Reviewed by Sini Sunny, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States Lan Wu, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Maria Aslam, University of Lahore, Pakistan Updates Copyright 2025 Chen, Tang, Ren and Wu
McDonald M et al (2022) Eye movement abnormalities in glaucoma patients: a review